Chifukwa Chake Kupanga Kwa China Kumalamulira Padziko Lonse Padziko Lonse Lapadziko Lonse

M'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, kupanga kwa China kwaphulika ngati gwero la mipando yamsika padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo izi siziri zochepa ku USA. Komabe, pakati pa 1995 ndi 2005, kupezeka kwa mipando kuchokera ku China kupita ku USA kudakwera kakhumi ndi katatu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti makampani ochulukirachulukira aku US asankhe kusamutsa kupanga kwawo ku China. Ndiye, ndi chiyani kwenikweni chomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwa China pamakampani opanga mipando yapadziko lonse lapansi?

The Big Boom

M'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, kwenikweni inali Taiwan yomwe inali gwero lalikulu la mipando ku USA. M'malo mwake, makampani opanga mipando ku Taiwan adapeza ukatswiri wofunikira pakupanga mipando yomwe idakwaniritsa zofuna za ogula aku US. Chuma chaku China chitatseguka, amalonda aku Taiwan adadutsa. Kumeneko, mwamsanga anaphunzira kupezerapo mwayi pa ntchito yotsika mtengo kumeneko. Adapindulanso ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa oyang'anira am'deralo m'maboma ngati Guangdong, omwe anali ofunitsitsa kukopa ndalama.

Zotsatira zake, ngakhale kuli makampani opanga mipando pafupifupi 50,000 ku China, ntchito zambiri zimakhazikika m'chigawo cha Guangdong. Guangdong ili kumwera ndipo ili pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Pearl River. Magulu opanga mipando yamphamvu apanga m'mizinda yatsopano yamafakitale monga Shenzhen, Dongguan, ndi Guangzhou. M'malo awa, pali mwayi wogwira ntchito yotsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mwayi wopeza maukonde ogulitsa komanso kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwaukadaulo ndi capital. Monga doko lalikulu lotumizira kunja, Shenzhen ilinso ndi mayunivesite awiri omwe amapereka mipando ndi omaliza maphunziro amkati.

China Kupanga Mipando Yamwambo ndi Zamatabwa

Zonsezi zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake kupanga ku China kumapereka mtengo wokwanira kumakampani aku US mipando. Zogulitsazo zimakhala ndi mapangidwe omwe sangathe kubwerezedwa bwino m'mafakitale aku US, ndipo izi zikuphatikiza zomaliza zomwe zimafunidwa ndi ogula aku US, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafunikira zokutira zosachepera zisanu ndi zitatu zowoneka bwino, zamadontho komanso zonyezimira. Kupanga kwa China kuli ndi makampani ambiri okutira omwe ali ndi luso lambiri ku US, omwe amapereka akatswiri akatswiri kuti azigwira ntchito ndi opanga mipando. Zomalizazi zimalolanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamitengo yotsika mtengo.

Zopindulitsa Zenizeni Zosunga

Pamodzi ndi khalidwe lapangidwe, ndalama zopangira China ndizochepa. Mtengo wa malo omanga pa phazi lalikulu ndi pafupifupi 1/10 ya omwe ali ku USA, malipiro a ola limodzi ngakhale ocheperapo, ndipo zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchitozi zimalungamitsa makina osavuta acholinga chimodzi, omwe ndi otsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ndalama zotsika kwambiri, chifukwa mafakitale opanga ku China sakuyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo okhwima otetezedwa ndi chilengedwe monga momwe zomera zaku US zimachitira.

Izi zimapulumutsa ndalama zambiri kuposa kulinganiza mtengo wotumizira katundu wa mipando kudutsa Pacific. M'malo mwake, mtengo wotumizira chidebe cha mipando kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita kugombe lakumadzulo kwa US ndi wotsika mtengo. Ndizofanana ndi zonyamula kalavani ya mipando kuchokera kummawa kupita ku gombe lakumadzulo. Kutsika mtengo koyenderaku kukutanthauza kuti ndikosavuta kunyamula matabwa olimba aku North America ndi veneer kubwerera ku China kukagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando, pogwiritsa ntchito zotengera zopanda kanthu. Kusalinganika kwa malonda kumatanthauza kuti mtengo waulendo wobwerera ku Shenzhen ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zochoka ku Shenzhen kupita ku USA.

Mafunso aliwonse chonde omasuka kunditumiziraAndrew@sinotxj.com