UPHUHLISO LOMZIKO WEFANISHARE

Usebenza nzima ngokwenene usenza iindawo ezinokuhlala ngaphakathi kwikhaya lakho ezikwenza ube nelunda ngokuzibiza ngokuba zezakho-uthatha ixesha kwaye wenze umzamo wokutyala imali kwiziqwenga, imizobo, izixhobo kunye nefenitshala engqina ubuntu bakho obahlukileyo, ixabiso losapho lwakho kunye nomntu wakho. isimbo.

Ngaba ukhe wema ukuba uzibuze ukuba icandelo le-chaise kwigumbi lakho lokuhlala, okanye igumbi lokutyela elibekwe kwindawo yokutya ekhitshini libekho njani?

Ishishini lefenitshala liye ladlula imitsi emikhulu kunye nemida kwinkulungwane edlulileyo enesiqingatha, ihlala ingabonakali. Libali elinomdla, elibuyela kwimpucuko yakudala yehlabathi, kwaye kude kube ngumzuzu othenga ifanitshala yakho oyithandayo.

ISIQALO

Malunga neminyaka engama-30,000 eyadlulayo, ekupheleni kwexesha lePaleolithic kunye namaxesha okuqala eNeolithic, abantu baqala ukukrola kunye nokukrola ifanitshala yethambo, umthi kunye nelitye. Enye yeembekiselo zokuqala ezirekhodiweyo malunga nefanitshala yale mihla yafunyanwa eGagarino, eRashiya ebonisa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaVenus ohleli kwitrone yethutyana. Obunye ubungqina bokuqala bokwenziwa kwefenitshala kubandakanya izitulo zamatye kunye nezitulo e-Neolithic Scotland, nakwezinye iindawo kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngelixa inqabile kakhulu, imizekelo yefenitshala yakudala inokufunyanwa ngaphakathi kwiimbekiselo zemifanekiso esusela kwiTshayina yamandulo, eIndiya, eMesopotamiya, naseRoma.

Sinethamsanqa lokwazi le mizobo yeebhedi, izitulo, izitulo – phantse ezisoloko zakhiwe ngamaplanga. KwiYiputa neRoma yamandulo, abantu babesebenzisa i-veneering njengendlela yokwandisa ubuhle kunye nokuqina, ngokukodwa kwiibhokisi kunye nezitulo.

Kukho ulwazi oluncinci olukhoyo lokucacisa ngokwenene inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwezikhombisi ezindala, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba ifenitshala yayixabiswa, njengoko iziqwenga ezininzi zibotshwe ngentsimbi okanye iipleyiti zobhedu ukukhusela imixholo yazo.

AmaXesha Aphakathi wabona iindlela ezilula kakhulu zefanitshala zigcwalisa ingxelo yembali.

UKUNGENA KWILIZWE ELITSHA

Kuyo yonke i-14^thkunye ne15^thkwiinkulungwane, ishishini lefenitshala liye ladlula utshintsho olukhulu kwisitayela kunye nokusebenza kweedrowa, izifuba kunye neekhabhathi. Izindlu namaziko onqulo ayehonjiswe ngokukhethekileyo ngefanitshala ephucukileyo.

Le minyaka iphinde yabona izenzo zolwakhiwo eziphuculweyo kakhulu, ezikhokelela kumabhondi anamandla, ukuqina okwandisiweyo kunye nexabiso. I-mortise kunye ne-tenon, kunye neenkqubo zokudityaniswa kwe-miter zinike amalungu omelele, athandeka ngakumbi kwaye yatshintsha inkqubo yemveliso yalo lonke ishishini lefenitshala.

Oku kuye kwaphucula ubucukubhede kwiindlela zokwakha kwaye kwazisa phambili ubuchwephesha obutsha obufana nabenzi bekhabhathi, abathi nabo babuyisela imbeko kwintshona Yurophu nakuMntla Melika. Kungoku kuphela apho iinkozo zomthi zaba yinto efunwayo yokuhombisa enikelwa ngumchweli kwizinto ezenziwe ngomthi. IWalnut yayixatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yee-burrs zayo, ii-curls kunye neenkozo. I-Veneering ivumela abenzi befenitshala ukuba basebenzise ezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zamaplanga obuhle bezinto eziziinkozo, apho ukusebenzisa umthi owomeleleyo kunokungqina ukungathembeki.

I-INTSHA NOKUKHULA

I-17^thkunye ne18^thiinkulungwane zaba bubungqina bobutyebi obuphuculweyo, kwaye ke ifanitshala yaqhubeka ilungelelaniswa kwaye itshintsha. Usihlalo waba ngumsebenzi ohlonitshwa kakhulu ohambelana nomthi-ukuguqula imilenze ukongeza inkangeleko entsha yokuhlobisa. Ukusukela ngeli xesha, abahleli bezitulo bahlala bekwisebe elahlukileyo labenzi befenitshala.

Ngalo mnqweno ukhula rhoqo wefenitshala entle, imfuno ephuculweyo ithetha ukuba iinkqubo zokwakha zabenzi befenitshala zaziqala ukuba zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zibe semgangathweni, ngakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kwamalungu athile kunye nobukhulu bemithi esetyenziselwa izicelo ezithile. Kwakhona kwaphumela ekwahlukaneni kwezorhwebo - i-turnery, ukukrola kunye nokunyuswa kwempahla ngokomzekelo, kwaqala ukwahlukana nomsebenzi womthi wesintu.

Oomatshini bokwenza amaplanga nabo batshintsha kakhulu. Ubuninzi bezandla ezenziwe ngezandla eziphuhliswe ekuhambeni kweminyaka zahlala kulo lonke utshintsho kwizixhobo ezisebenza ngomphunga, njengoko kuphela ngabavelisi abakhulu abanakho ukuthenga oomatshini abazenzekelayo.

IXESHA LAMHLANJE

Kwi20^thkwinkulungwane, nangona kunjalo, abenzi bekhabhathi kunye nabachweli baqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo zamandla ngakumbi njengendlela yokukhawulezisa imveliso yesiko lomntu ngamnye. E-US, uphuhliso lwefenitshala yokuvelisa ngobuninzi lwaluqhuba kakuhle. Oomatshini baqalisa ukuvelisa amakhulu amaqhekeza ngosuku, ngamnye emiselwe umsebenzi wabo owahlukileyo ukuze abe negalelo kwisiqwenga esigqityiweyo.

Kwimihla yakudala, isiko, ukulingana kakuhle kuya kuba ngumsebenzi odinisayo, kodwa namhlanje, oomatshini bale mihla banokwenza umsebenzi okhawulezileyo ngokufaka idrowa yesinxibo kwikhaya labo elitsha, okanye ubungakanani obugqibeleleyo kwaye bagqibe umnyango wekhabhathi ngemizuzu.

Kungekudala emva kwe19^thkwinkulungwane, ishishini labona ukwahlukana ngakumbi kwabo benza ifanitshala, kunye nabo babenoxanduva lokuyithengisa. Ngaphambili, ukwenziwa kwefenitshala ubukhulu becala kwakumalunga nokugunyazisa isiqwenga ngokuthe ngqo kumenzi wekhabhathi, okanye umchweli - kodwa ngoku, umbono wegumbi lokubonisa uye wathandwa kakhulu.

Amagumbi omboniso amakhulu asazigcinile iindibano zocweyo ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokukhawulelana neminqweno ethile yabathengi ngeli xesha, kodwa yaba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuthenga ihoseyili kumthengisi.

Ukwenziwa kwefenitshala yale mihla nako kuthathe inyathelo elitsha ngokumalunga nemathiriyeli. Ubukhulu becala ngokusekelwe ekufumanekeni kwamaplanga asemgangathweni, ezinye izinto ezininzi ngoku zisetyenziswa ekwenzeni ifanitshala. Iiplastiki, i-laminated plywood, kunye neentsimbi zisetyenziswa ukusa kumlinganiselo othile.

I-laminate yePlastiki, ngoku ifumaneka ngokubanzi njengenye indlela esele yenziwe kwi-hardwood flooring, kwaye ifenitshala ifumaneka kwimibala emininzi, imibala kunye noyilo olunokuthi lube lula ukuphindaphinda iinkozo zokhuni ngokuprintwa kweefoto.

Inqaku langoku, iintsingiselo zihlala zibumba imveliso yefenitshala kwaye ibonakala ngathi inenkxalabo malunga nokusingqongileyo kwemveliso ngexesha lokuphila kwayo. Uyilo lwe-ikholoji yindlela yoyilo ebonisa ukuba izinto eziphilayo zazivelela ingqondo yengqondo eyenziwe ngamanqanaba ama-4: ukuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa.

Imiba yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ukuqonda ngokusingqongileyo, ukwanda kwabemi, kunye nokwanda kwabemi abanolwazi ngokusingqongileyo zonke zibe negalelo kule mbono intsha yoshishino. Imiba yokusingqongileyo yefenitshala yamaplanga, umzekelo, inokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngononophelo - oko kukuthi iintlobo ezivunwayo, ubudlelwane bazo obuzinzo kwindawo yazo esebenzayo - ukukhutshwa emoyeni, emanzini nasemhlabeni ngesigaba sokwakhiwa kwefenitshala, kunye nenkunkuma. . Luyilo loyilo loYilo lwe-Eco ukwakha ifanitshala ehlala ixesha elide kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo ayifuneki, okanye isiqwenga sinokulungiswa ngokulula.

Ifenitshala yexesha lolunye uhlobo oluvelayo kushishino lwefenitshala. Le ndlela yokuvelisa isetyenziswa kumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu, kwaye idla ngokuzama ukulandela iindlela zemveli zokwakha. Ukuchwela kusasetyenziswa apha, kwaye ubuchwephesha bayo bezandla buthetha ukuba iyaphela ngokukhawuleza – ngoko ke kulixabiso ukuxabisa abantu abasathatha ixesha lokugqiba imisebenzi kwangexesha.

Nokuba yeyiphi na into oyithandayo, ukukhetha ifenitshala ozichongayo kubalulekile kuye wonke umntu. Sinenkqubo yendaleko yokubulela ngamaqhekeza esiwabona kumakhaya ethu ngoku, kwaye ngakumbi lawo esiwalangazelelayo kwigumbi lokubonisa ifanitshala. Yile nkqubela phambili ekhuthaza abenzi befanitshala kunye neengcibi ukuba baphande iindlela ezintsha zokwakha, bafunise ngemathiriyeli emitsha, kwaye bacinge nzulu ngemekobume eziphuma kuyo imathiriyeli – nalapho iqhekeza eligqityiweyo liya kuphelela khona.

Nayiphi na imibuzo nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana namAndrew@sinotxj.com