Imarike yefenitshala eTshayina (2022)

Ngabemi abaninzi kunye nodidi oluphakathi oluhlala lukhula, ifenitshala ifunwa kakhulu eTshayina iyenza ibe yimarike enengeniso kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunyuka kwe-Intanethi, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nobunye ubugcisa obuphambili bukhuthaze ngakumbi uphuhliso lweshishini lefenitshala ekrelekrele. Ngo-2020, ubungakanani bentengiso yoshishino lwefenitshala yehla ngenxa yempembelelo ye-COVID-19. Idatha ibonisa ukuba intengiso yokuthengisa yoshishino lwefenitshala yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-159.8 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2020, yehla nge-7% ngonyaka.

Ngokoqikelelo, i-China ikhokela ukuthengiswa kwefenitshala ye-intanethi kwihlabathi jikelele ngentengiso eqikelelwa ngaphezulu kwe-USD 68.6 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2019. Ukuthengiswa kwefenitshala kwi-Intanethi ngokusebenzisa amajelo okusasazwa kwi-Intanethi kunyuke ukusuka kwi-54% ngo-2018 ukuya malunga ne-58% ngo-2019 njengoko abathengi bebonisa ukukhetha okukhulayo kokuthengwa kweemveliso zefanitshala kwi-Intanethi. Ukukhula okuthe gqolo kurhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nokunyuka kwabathengisi abamkela amajelo e-intanethi okuthengisa iimveliso zabo zefanitshala kulindeleke ukuba kunyuse ngakumbi imfuno yeemveliso zefanitshala elizweni.

Intsomi "Yenziwe eTshayina"

Intsomi ethi "Made in China" iyaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Abantu bacinga ukuba iimveliso zaseTshayina zifana nomgangatho ophantsi. Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Ukuba amaTshayina ebesenza ifanitshala ngelixa ebeka esichengeni kumgangatho wayo, ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe bekungayi kunyuka kakhulu. Lo mbono ubone utshintsho kwihlabathi laseNtshona ukususela ekubeni abaqulunqi beqalile ukufumana ifenitshala yabo yenziwe eChina.

Unabo abathengisi bomgangatho ongaphezulu nangaphezulu eTshayina, abakwaziyo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo, njengeNakesi, umzi-mveliso waseGuangdong, wenza kuphela i-OEM kubathengi abakwizinga eliphezulu phesheya kolwandle.

Ilizwe laseTshayina libe lelona liKhulu liThengisa ifanitshala kumazwe angaphandle nini?

Phambi kweTshayina, i-Italiya yayiyeyona fanitshala inkulu kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyaka ka-2004, iChina yaba lilizwe elinelona nani liphezulu lefenitshala ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukusukela ngaloo mini akukhange kukhangelwe eli lizwe kwaye lisabonelela ihlabathi ngeyona fanitshala inkulu. Uninzi lwabayili befenitshala abakhokelayo banefenitshala yabo eveliswe eTshayina, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo, bayakuphepha ukuthetha ngayo. Abemi baseTshayina nabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni eli lizwe libe lelona lizwe lithumela iimveliso ezininzi kumazwe angaphandle, kuquka nefenitshala. Ngo-2018, ifenitshala yenye yezona zinto zithunyelwa ngaphandle eTshayina ngexabiso eliqikelelwayo le-53.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika.

Ububodwa beMarike yeFenitshala yaseTshayina

Ifenitshala eveliswe eTshayina inokuba yodwa. Unokufumana nezinto zefenitshala ezingasebenzisi naziphi na iinzipho okanye iglu. Abenzi befanitshala baseTshayina bakholelwa ukuba izikhonkwane kunye neglu zinciphisa ubomi befanitshala kuba izikhonkwane ze-rust kunye neglu zinokukhululeka. Bayila ifenitshala ngendlela evumela ukuba onke amalungu adibane kunye ukuze aphelise ukusetyenziswa kwezikrufu, iglu kunye nezikhonkwane. Olu hlobo lwefanitshala lunokuphila kangangeenkulungwane ukuba lwenziwe ngamaplanga odidi oluphezulu. Kuya kufuneka uyizame ukuvavanya ngokwenene ubunjineli obukhethekileyo bengqondo yabenzi befenitshala baseTshayina. Uya kumangaliswa ukubona indlela abadibanisa ngayo iindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokushiya naluphi na uphawu loqhagamshelwano. Kubonakala ngathi kusetyenziswa isiqwenga somthi esinye ukuze kwakhiwe yonke loo nto. Oku kuhle kuwo onke amaqela kwishishini lefenitshala - abavelisi, abayili, kunye nabathengisi.

Iindawo apho uShishino lweFanitshala yeNdawo igxile eTshayina

I-China lilizwe elikhulu kwaye lineshishini lefenitshala lasekhaya elisekelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. I-Pearl River Delta iqhayisa ngeyona mveliso iphezulu yefanitshala. Inemarike yefenitshala ekhulayo kuba kukho ukufumaneka okukhulu kwemithombo yendalo. Ezinye iindawo ezaziwa ngezakhono ezimangalisayo zokuvelisa ifenitshala ekumgangatho ophezulu yiShanghai, iShandong, iFujian, iJiangsuperhero kunye neZhejiang. Kuba iShanghai isesona sixeko sikhulu eTshayina, inentengiso enkulu yefenitshala, mhlawumbi eyona inkulu kwidelta yomlambo iYangtze. Imimandla esembindini nakwintshona yeTshayina ayinazo iziseko zoncedo ezifanelekileyo ngokwemiqathango yezibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo zokuba neshishini lefenitshala elikhulayo. Eli shishini lisekwimihla yalo yokuqala phaya kwaye liza kuthatha ixesha ukuphuhlisa.

Isixeko esilikomkhulu saseTshayina, iBeijing, sinobutyebi obumangalisayo obufumanekayo bokuvelisa ifanitshala. Zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kwimveliso yefanitshala zikwakhona apho, ngenxa yoko baya besanda abavelisi befanitshala banomdla wokuvulwa kweeofisi zabo eBeijing.

Kutheni iTshayina Ivelisa Ifanitshala eNgcono kakhulu xa ithelekiswa namanye amazwe

Nangona iTshayina inokuba nodumo lokuvelisa iimveliso ezingekho mgangathweni, ivelisa ifanitshala yomgangatho obalaseleyo. Ngokophando, iinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-50,000 zenza ifenitshala eTshayina. Okumangalisayo kukuba, uninzi lwawo ngamashishini amancinci ukuya kwaphakathi kwaye akukho gama le-brand lincanyathiselwe kuwo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye iinkampani ziye zavela kwicandelo lokuvelisa ifanitshala zinezazisi zazo zohlobo. Ezi nkampani zinyuse izinga lokhuphiswano kolu shishino.

Uphando olwenziwe liBhunga loPhuhliso lwezoRhwebo lwaseHong Kong (HKTDC) lubonise ukuba amashishini amancinci ukuya kwephakathi kwefenitshala eTshayina angenza imali eninzi ukuba nepesenti encinci yabemi baseTshayina bebonke bagqiba ekubeni bayilahle ifanitshala yayo yakudala kwaye thenga kubuhle bale mihla. Obu buchule bokuziqhelanisa kunye nokukhula ngaphakathi kwishishini kungenxa yokuba ifanitshala yokuvelisa eTshayina lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokugcina kunye neemfuno zabathengi kunye nemfuno.

Ingeniso eTshayina ngokunyuka

Ukunyuka kwengeniso yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ibonisa ukuba i-China ivelisa umgangatho wefenitshala engcono xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso, ngonyaka wama-2010 kuphela, ama-60 ekhulwini ayo yonke ingeniso yaseTshayina ivela kwishishini lefenitshala yalo ngokuthengisa ekhaya nakwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Imakethi ithathe ukubetha ngo-2020 ngenxa yobhubhani we-COVID-19 kodwa ukukhula kwexesha elide kulindeleke ukuba kubuye umva. Ingeniso yoshishino kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-3.3% minyaka le kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, iye kutsho kwi-107.1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.

Ngelixa ifanitshala yentsimbi ngoku ithandeka ngakumbi eNtshona xa ithelekiswa nefenitshala yomthi, iChina kulindeleke ukuba idlule entshona kulo mmandla ngenxa yobuchule bayo obumangalisayo bokuvelisa ifanitshala kwaye akukho kuyekelela kumgangatho. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, olu luphawu olulungileyo kubo bobabini abavelisi kunye nabathengisi njengoko luphakamisa umbono kunye nexabiso lemarike lilonke.

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