Ukungenisa ifenitshala evela eChina ukuya e-US

I-China, eyaziwa njengelona lizwe lithumela iimpahla ngaphandle kwelinye ilizwe, ayisweleki iifektri ezivelisa phantse lonke uhlobo lwefanitshala ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Njengoko imfuno yefenitshala isanda, abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle bakulungele ukukhangela ababoneleli ababonelela ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle eMelika kufuneka banike ingqwalasela eyodwa kwimiba efana namaxabiso erhafu okanye imigaqo yokhuseleko. Kweli nqaku, sinika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokugqwesa ekungeniseni ifenitshala evela e-China ukuya e-US.

Iindawo zemveliso yefenitshala eTshayina

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindawo ezine eziphambili zemveliso eTshayina: iPearl River Delta (kumazantsi eTshayina), iYangtze River delta (ummandla oselunxwemeni lwaseTshayina), iWest Triangle (kumbindi weTshayina), kunye noLwandle lweBohai. ummandla (ummandla oselunxwemeni lwaseTshayina).

Zonke ezi ndawo zinomthamo omkhulu wabenzi befenitshala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani okukhulu:

1. I-delta ye-Pearl River - ikhethekileyo kumgangatho ophezulu, ngokuthelekiswa nefenitshala ebiza kakhulu, inika iindidi zefenitshala. Izixeko ezidumileyo kumazwe ngamazwe ziquka iShenzhen, iGuangzhou, iZhuhai, iDongguan (edume ngokwenza iisofa), iZhongshan (ifanitshala yomthi obomvu), kunye neFoshan (ifanitshala yeplanga esarhiweyo). IFoshan yonwabela udumo olubanzi njengendawo yokwenza ifanitshala yokutyela, ifenitshala egcweleyo, kunye nefenitshala ngokubanzi. Kukwakho amawakawaka abathengisi befenitshala apho, bagxile kakhulu kwisithili saseShunde esixekweni, umzekelo, kwiMarike yeFanitshala yaseTshayina eThengisiweyo iyonke.

2. Idelta yoMlambo iYangtze- ibandakanya i-metropolis yaseShanghai kunye namaphondo ajikelezileyo afana neZhejiang neJiangsu, edume ngefanitshala yerattan, iipeyinti zamaplanga aqinileyo, ifenitshala yentsimbi, nokunye. Enye indawo enomdla yi-Anji County, egxile kwifenitshala ye-bamboo kunye nemathiriyeli.

3. Unxantathu oseWest – uquka izixeko ezifana neChengdu, iChongqing, kunye neXi'an. Lo mmandla wezoqoqosho uyindawo enexabiso eliphantsi lefenitshala, ebonelela ngefenitshala yegadi ye-rattan kunye neebhedi zentsimbi, phakathi kwezinye.

4. Ummandla woLwandle lwaseBohai - le ndawo ibandakanya izixeko ezinjengeBeijing kunye neTianjin. Ithandwa kakhulu kwifenitshala yeglasi kunye nentsimbi. Njengoko imimandla yasemntla-mpuma yeTshayina ityebile ngamaplanga, amaxabiso athandeka ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho onikezelwa ngabanye abavelisi unokuba ngaphantsi kweendawo zasempuma.

Ukuthetha ngeemarike zefenitshala, ngokulandelayo, ezona zidumileyo zifumaneka eFoshan, eGuangzhou, eShanghai, eBeijing, naseTianjin.

Yeyiphi ifenitshala onokuthi uyingenise e-China ukuya e-US?

Imarike yaseTshayina ineenzuzo ezininzi xa kuziwa kwimveliso yefenitshala kwaye inokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwamakhonkco okubonelela. Ke, ukuba ucinga nayiphi na ifanitshala, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba ungayifumana apho.

Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba umenzi onikiweyo unokukhetha kuphela uhlobo olunye okanye ezimbalwa zefenitshala, eqinisekisa ubungcali kwinkalo ethile. Usenokuba nomdla wokungenisa elizweni:

Ifenitshala yangaphakathi:

• iisofa kunye neesofa,
• ifenitshala yabantwana,
• ifenitshala yegumbi lokulala,
• oomatrasi,
• ifenitshala yegumbi lokutyela,
• ifanitshala yegumbi lokuhlala,
• ifenitshala yeofisi,
• ifenitshala yehotele,
• ifenitshala yamaplanga,
• ifenitshala yentsimbi,
• ifenitshala yeplastiki,
• ifenitshala exhonyiweyo,
• ifenitshala yombane.

Ifenitshala yangaphandle:

• ifenitshala ye-rattan,
• ifenitshala yentsimbi yangaphandle,
• iigazebos.

Ukungenisa ifenitshala evela eChina ukuya e-US - Imimiselo yoKhuseleko

Umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuseleko zibalulekile, ngakumbi kuba ongenisa ngaphandle, ingenguye umenzi e-China, unoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuthobela imithetho. Kukho iinkalo ezine eziphambili malunga nokhuseleko lwefenitshala ekufuneka abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle banike ingqwalasela:

1. Ifenitshala yokhuni yokucoca kunye nokuzinza

Imithetho ekhethekileyo emalunga nefenitshala yomthi inceda ekulweni nokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni nokukhusela ilizwe kwizinambuzane ezihlaselayo. E-US, i-arhente ye-USDA (iSebe lezoLimo lase-United States) i-APHIS (iNkonzo yoHlolo lweMpilo yeZilwanyana kunye neZityalo) yongamela ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwemveliso yamaplanga kunye nemithi. Zonke iinkuni ezingena kweli lizwe kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zenziwe iinkqubo zococeko (ubushushu okanye unyango lwekhemikhali lunokhetho olubini olunokwenzeka).

Nangona kunjalo eminye imithetho ikhona xa ungenisa iimveliso zezandla zokhuni ezivela eChina - ezo zingangeniswa kuphela kubavelisi abavunyiweyo ababoniswe kuluhlu olukhutshwe yi-USDA APHIS. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba umenzi othile uvunyiwe, ungafaka isicelo semvume yokungenisa elizweni.

Ngaphandle koko, ukungenisa elizweni ifenitshala eyenziwe kuhlobo lwamaplanga olusemngciphekweni wokuphela kufuna iimvume ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-CITES (iNgqungquthela yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngeZilwanyana zasendle neZilo eziMngciphekweni). Unokufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemiba ekhankanywe ngasentla kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-USDA.

2. Ukuthotyelwa kwefenitshala yabantwana

Iimveliso zabantwana zihlala zixhomekeke kwiimfuno ezingqongqo, ifenitshala ayinjalo. Ngokutsho kwe-CPSC (iKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi) inkcazo, ifenitshala yabantwana yenzelwe iminyaka eyi-12 okanye ngaphantsi. Ibonisa ukuba yonke ifenitshala, efana nebhedi, iibhedi zabantwana, njl.

Ngaphakathi kwale migaqo, ifenitshala yabantwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na, kufuneka ihlolwe ilebhu yi-CPSC eyamkelweyo yilabhoratri yomntu wesithathu. Ngaphezu koko, umntu othenga kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka akhuphe iSatifikethi seMveliso yaBantwana (CPC) kwaye aqhoboshele ileyibhile esisigxina yeCPSIA yokulandela umkhondo. Kukho neminye imithetho eyongezelelweyo malunga ne-cribs.

3. Upholstered ukusebenza ifenitshala ukutsha

Nangona kungekho mthetho we-federal malunga nokusebenza kokutsha kwefenitshala, ekusebenzeni, i-California Technical Bulletin 117-2013 isebenza kwilizwe lonke. Ngokutsho kwencwadana, yonke ifenitshala ephakanyisiweyo kufuneka ihlangabezane nokusebenza okucacileyo okuvuthayo kunye nemigangatho yokuvavanya.

4. Imigaqo ngokubanzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile

Ngaphandle kweemfuno ezikhankanywe ngasentla, yonke ifenitshala kufuneka kwakhona ihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-SPSC xa kuziwa ekusebenziseni izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-phthalates, ilothe, kunye ne-formaldehyde, phakathi kwezinye. Esinye sezenzo ezibalulekileyo kulo mba nguMthetho we-Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA). Oku kukwachaphazela ukupakishwa kwemveliso-kumazwe amaninzi, ukupakishwa akunakuqulatha iintsimbi ezinzima njengelothe, i-cadmium, kunye ne-mercury. Ekuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yakho ikhuselekile kubathengi kukuvavanya kusetyenziswa ilabhoratri.

Njengoko iibhedi ezineziphene zinokuba yingozi enkulu kubasebenzisi, zikwaxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokuthobela iSatifikethi Jikelele sokuThotyelwa (GCC).

Ngaphezu koko, iimfuno zikhona eCalifornia - ngokweSindululo saseCalifornia 65, izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi azinakusetyenziswa kwiimveliso zabathengi.

Yintoni enye omele uyiqwalasele xa ungenisa ifenitshala evela eChina?

Ukugqwesa ekungeniseni ifenitshala evela e-China ukuya e-US, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba imveliso yakho iyahlangabezana neemfuno zomthengi. Kubalulekile ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eTshayina. Njengokuba sele ufikile kwizibuko lase-US, imithwalo ayinakubuyiselwa lula. Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa komgangatho kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa / ukuthuthwa kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukumangaliswa okungathandekiyo okunjalo akuyi kwenzeka.

Ukuba ufuna isiqinisekiso sokuba umthwalo wemveliso yakho, uzinzo, ulwakhiwo, imilinganiselo, njl.njl., ziyanelisa, ukukhangela umgangatho kunokuba yeyona ndlela. Kuyinto, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, inzima kakhulu uku-odola isampuli yefenitshala.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele umenzi, hayi umthengisi wefenitshala eTshayina. Isizathu sesokuba abathengisi bevenkile abafane baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imigangatho yokhuseleko. Ewe kunjalo, abavelisi banokuba neemfuno eziphezulu ze-MOQ (Ubungakanani boMyalelo obuphantsi). Ii-MOQ zefanitshala zihlala ziqala ukusuka kwifenitshala enye okanye ezimbalwa ezinkulu, ezinje ngeeseti zesofa okanye iibhedi, ukuya kuthi ga kuma-500 amaqhekeza efanitshala encinci, njengezitulo ezisongekayo.

Ukuthutha ifanitshala ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US

Njengoko ifenitshala inzima kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ithatha indawo eninzi kwi-container, imithwalo yolwandle ibonakala ikuphela kwendlela efanelekileyo yokuthutha ifenitshala ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US. Ngokwendalo, ukuba ufuna ukungenisa kwangoko ifenitshala enye okanye isibini, uthutho lomoya luya kukhawuleza kakhulu.

Xa uthutha ngolwandle, ungakhetha nokuba uMthwalo oPheleleyo weKhonkrithi (FCL) okanye ngaphantsi koMthwalo weSikhongozeli (LCL). Umgangatho wokupakishwa ubalulekile apha, njengoko ifenitshala inokutyumza ngokulula. Kufuneka ihlale ilayishwa kwi-ISPM 15 pallets. Ukuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US kuthatha ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya malunga neentsuku ezingama-50, kuxhomekeke kwindlela. Nangona kunjalo, yonke inkqubo inokuthatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 ngenxa yolibaziseko olungalindelekanga.

Jonga owona mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kweFCL kunye neLCL.

Isishwankathelo

• Uninzi lwefenitshala yase-US evela kumazwe angaphandle isuka e-China, ifanitshala enkulu yehlabathi kunye neendawo zayo;
• Iindawo zefenitshala ezidumileyo zifumaneka ikakhulu kwidelta yoMlambo iPearl, kuquka nesixeko saseFoshan;
• Uninzi lwefenitshala ethunyelwa ngaphandle e-US ayisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ifenitshala ethile yeplanga evela e-China inokuba phantsi kweerhafu zokulwa nokulahla;
• Mininzi imimiselo yokhuseleko ekhoyo, ngokumalunga nefenitshala yabantwana, ifanitshala egqunywe phezulu, kunye nefenitshala yamaplanga.