Okokuqala, ulwazi olusisiseko lwefenitshala

1. Ifenitshala yenziwe ngezinto ezine: izinto eziphathekayo, isakhiwo, ifom yembonakalo kunye nomsebenzi. Umsebenzi sisikhokelo, esingamandla okuqhuba uphuhliso lwefenitshala; isakhiwo ngumqolo kunye nesiseko sokuqonda umsebenzi.

2, ukusuka kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ifenitshala zingabonakalisa inqanaba lophuhliso lwemveliso ngelo xesha. Ukongeza kwimithi esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, isinyithi, iplastiki, kukho umdiliya, i-bamboo, iglasi, irabha, ilaphu, ibhodi yokuhombisa, isikhumba, isiponji njalo njalo.

I-3, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zefenitshala nazo zinokukhetha okuthile, okumele kuqwalaselwe ngokuyintloko ezi zinto zilandelayo: iteknoloji yokucubungula, ukuthungwa kunye nomgangatho wembonakalo, uqoqosho, amandla kunye neepropati zokuhombisa umphezulu.

I-4, ngokobuzwe bengingqi inokwahlulwa ibe: isitayile seMeditera, isitayile saseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, isitayile saseYurophu, isitayile saseAfrika, isitayile saseMelika, isitayile saseJapan, isiTshayina, njl.

I-5, ngokohlobo lunokwahlulwa lube: isitayela seklasiki, isitayela esilula, isitayela esithandwayo, isitala sasemaphandleni kunye nokunye.

Okwesibini, uyilo lwesitayela seNordic

Ifenitshala yesitayela saseScandinavia izoba kuyilo lweBauhaus kwaye ibandakanya iimpawu zaseScandinavia ukwenza isitayile esikhethekileyo esekwe kubulula bendalo.

1. Uyilo lwesiDanish

Uyilo lwefenitshala yaseDanish luyilo lwakudala lwehlabathi, luqaqambisa ubuntu. Uyilo lwefenitshala olula, ngaphezu kokubumba ukubonakala kwayo, kufuneka kwakhona ingqalelo ekusebenzeni kwesakhiwo sayo, ngokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwesakhiwo somzimba womntu kunye nesakhiwo sefenitshala. Ukususela kuyilo, ukuvakalelwa kwefenitshala enzima kwixesha elidlulileyo litshintshile, kwaye ingqiqo yabantu yongezwa ukunyusa ukuguquguquka kwefenitshala.

2, uyilo lwaseFinland

Abaqulunqi befenitshala baseFinland baye baziqonda ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zendalo kwasekuqaleni, bedibanisa ubuchule babo kunye nefenitshala, exuding indalo yobugcisa bendalo. Kwangaxeshanye, uyilo lwale mihla lwaseFinland luhlobene ngokusondeleyo nobomi bokwenene. Ngophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezivelayo, ifenitshala intle kwaye isefashonini, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiintsapho zanamhlanje.

3, uyilo Norwegian

Umyili wefenitshala yaseNorway uzuza ingcamango yoyilo lweNordic yokuqala, egxininisa ukukhula kunye nokulula kwefenitshala, kunye nobuchule. Ngokusetyenziswa kobuchule kunye nokudibanisa iipleyiti zekhabhinethi kunye nentsimbi, ibonisa enye impembelelo kwaye iqinisa ngakumbi ukuyila. Nokuba intle kwaye icokisekile uyilo lwefanitshala yokuthumela ngaphandle okanye uyilo lwendalo nolulula lwelizwe, ibonisa ubulumko babantu baseNorway.

4, uyilo lwaseSweden

Abantu baseSweden baphenjelelwa zizitayile zale mihla, ezijolise kwimarike kuyilo lwefenitshala, kwaye basebenza nzima kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Banethemba lokuba ifenitshala iya kungena kwintsapho eqhelekileyo, igxininisa ezoqoqosho, isebenzisa izinto zepine kunye ne-birch, kunye nemigca ecocekileyo yokuchaza isakhiwo se-cascade. , ibalaselisa i-avant-garde yanamhlanje.

Okwesithathu, ifanitshala yabantwana

Ngokuphucuka kweemeko zokuhlala kwabantu, baya besanda abantwana abanamagumbi abo azimeleyo. Abazali abaninzi batyale intshiseko enkulu kunye nemithombo yemali ekuhlelweni kwamagumbi abantwana, kwaye baxhobisa abantwana ngefenitshala ezele ukukhula okufana nomntwana okanye okuqhelekileyo. Idala imeko-bume efanelekileyo yokukhula, ngaloo ndlela yenza ifanitshala yabantwana ibe bomvu ngokukhawuleza. Ukujonga kuphuhliso lwentengiso yefenitshala kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ifanitshala yabantwana yenye yeendidi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwishishini lefenitshala.

Ifenitshala yesitayile sabantwana yahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu:

1) Ifenitshala yabantwana yokhuni oluqinileyo, eneendlela ezikhethekileyo kubantwana basemaphandleni kunye neendlela ze-rustic.

2) Ifenitshala yabantwana bepaneli, i-MDF ecocekileyo inombala ocebileyo.

3) Ifenitshala yabantwana yePine: eyenziwe ngomthi wepine.

Okwesine, ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo

Ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo iyona nto iphambili yefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo. Ishishini lefenitshala yamaplanga yaseTshayina likuphuhliso oluhle ngoku. Iziko loPhando lweDatha laseZhiyan libonisa ukuba ngokwanda okuqhubekayo koshishino lwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo waseTshayina, ishishini lefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo waseTshayina liya kuzisa ithuba elitsha lophuhliso.

I-1, iingenelo zefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo

Ihlala ixesha elide, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ubugcisa obugqwesileyo, ikhululekile kwaye ishushu;

I-2, ukungahambi kakuhle kwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo

Ingxaki ephambili yefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo kukuba ukutshintshwa komthamo wamanzi kwenza kube lula ukuguqula. Ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo iya kuchaphazeleka yimeko engqongileyo kwaye itshintshe umthamo wamanzi kumzi-mveliso. Ukutshintshwa komthamo wamanzi kuya kubangela ukuguqulwa kunye nokuqhekeka.

Ngoko ke, ukukhanya kwelanga akuvumelekanga, ukushisa kwangaphakathi akufanele kube phezulu okanye kuphantsi kakhulu, kwaye indawo eyomileyo kunye neyomileyo ayifanelekanga kwifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo. Ukongezelela, ukudibanisa amacandelo efenitshala yomthi oqinileyo ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngesakhiwo se-enamel kunye ne-adhesive, kwaye imveliso egqityiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakususwa, kunye nokuphathwa kakubi.

3, ukucoca kunye nokugcinwa kwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo

a. Ukusetyenziswa kwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo kufuneka kuphephe ukukhanya kwelanga

Ifenitshala yokhuni oluqinileyo kufuneka igweme ukukhanya kwelanga ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Imitha ye-ultraviolet enamandla inokucima umphezulu wepeyinti kwaye ichaphazele inkangeleko kunye nokuziva kwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, imithombo yobushushu, ukufudumeza, izibane kunye nezinye izixhobo ziya kwenza ifenitshala yokhuni eqinileyo ikhubazeke, kufuneka ibe kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa ubeka izitovu zeti ezishushu kakhulu, iiketile kunye nezinye izinto kwifanitshala yomthi oqinileyo, yongeza iipads zokugquma ukunqanda ukutshisa ifanitshala yomthi oqinileyo.

b. Indlela yokusula ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo ikhethekileyo

Ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo kufuneka yosulwe ngelaphu elithambileyo lomqhaphu, kwaye ilaphu lomqhaphu kufuneka libe manzi kancinci. Xa usula ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo, landela isalathiso somthi womthi. Musa ukusebenzisa utywala okanye ezinye izinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali okanye izicoci ukunqanda ukubola komphezulu wefenitshala.

c. Ukuphathwa kwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo kufuneka "ikhanye kwaye izinzile"

Ukuphathwa kwefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo kufuneka kulumke kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka "ilula", "izinzile" kwaye "i-flat". Zama ukunqanda umonakalo owenziwe ngamaqhuma. Umgangatho obekwe kuwo ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo kufuneka ube sicaba, kungenjalo kuya kubangela ukuguqulwa okucothayo.

d. Ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo ifanele iwekswe kwangethuba

Ifenitshala yomthi oqinileyo iya kuba neqondo elithile lokubuna emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukuze kugcinwe ubuhle befenitshala, kuyimfuneko ukukrazula ifenitshala yokhuni oluqinileyo ngexesha, kwaye unokwenza ngokwakho okanye ngengcali. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba inani le-glazing kunye ne-waxing akufanele libe rhoqo, ngokukhethekileyo amaxesha angama-1-2 ngonyaka.

e. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa utywala, ipetroli okanye ezinye izinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali ukususa amabala

Ukuba kukho ibala kumphezulu wefenitshala, musa ukuyihlikihla nzima. Sebenzisa iti efudumeleyo ukususa ibala ngobunono. Emva kokuba amanzi aphuke, sebenzisa i-wax encinci yokukhanya kwindawo yokuqala, uze uyigaye ngobumnene amaxesha amaninzi ukwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo.

Ukuqalisa ngefanitshala kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngokukhawuleza ishishini

f. Kuphephe imikrwelo enzima

Xa ucoca, musa ukuvumela izixhobo zokucoca zichukumise ifenitshala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, qaphela ukuba ungavumeli iimveliso zetsimbi eqinile okanye ezinye izinto ezibukhali zingqubuzane nefenitshala ukukhusela umphezulu kwimikrwelo.

g. Kuphephe indawo emanzi

Ehlotyeni, ukuba igumbi lizele ngamaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-rubber pad encinci ukuhlula iinxalenye zefenitshala ezidibana nomhlaba, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ugcine umsantsa phakathi kodonga lwefenitshala. kunye nodonga kumgama we-0.5-1 km.

h. Gcina kude nobushushu

Ebusika, kukulungele ukubeka ifenitshala kumgama omalunga ne-1M ukusuka ekufudumeni ukufudumala ukuphepha ukubhaka okuphezulu kwexesha elide, okubangela ukuqhekeka kwendawo yokhuni, ukuguqulwa kunye nokuguqulwa, kunye nokuwohloka kwendawo yefilimu yepeyinti. .

4, ifanitshala yomthi oqinileyo uhlobo lwamaplanga

Fraxinus mandshurica/Liu Wei/Poplar wood/Walnut enamel/Yellow pineapple/White bircWalnut umthi njl.

Isihlanu, ifenitshala yephaneli

Ifenitshala yephaneli ibhekiselele kwifanitshala yemodyuli edityanisiweyo kunye neepaneli ezisekwe ngamaplanga njengeyona nto iphambili kunye nephaneli njengesiseko esisisiseko. Iibhodi zokwenziwa eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-plywood, i-blockboard, i-particle board, kunye ne-MDF. I-Plywood (i-plywood) isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza ifenitshala efuna ukugoba kunye nokuguqulwa; ukusebenza kwe-blockboard ngamanye amaxesha kuchatshazelwa zizinto eziphambili; i-particleboard (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-particle board, i-bagasse) ikhululekile kwaye isetyenziselwa kuphela ifenitshala yomgangatho ophantsi. Eyona ingabizi kakhulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-medium density fiberboard (MDF). Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokugqibezela ifenitshala yephaneli ngumthi obhityileyo (owaziwa ngokuba yi-veneer), i-wood grain paper (eyaziwa ngokuba sisincamathelisi), iphepha lerabha le-PVC, umphezulu wepeyinti yepolyester (eyaziwa ngokuba yipeyinti yokubhaka). Iibhodi zokwenziwa eziqhelekileyo ziquka iibhodi ezivumbayo, i-plywood, i-blockboard, i-particle board, kunye ne-MDF.

1. Izinto eziluncedo zefenitshala yeepaneli

Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo komthi, ukuchithwa ngokulula kunye nokuhlanganisa, umjikelo wemveliso okhawulezayo, iimilo ezahlukeneyo, imilo ezinzileyo, kwaye akukho lula ukukhubaza.

2, ukungalungi kwefenitshala yeepaneli

(1) Ayinabungozi kokusingqongileyo

Ukuze bafumane inzuzo engaphezulu, abanye abathengisi bavelisa izinto ezingaphantsi ezifana ne-particleboard, kwaye nokuba i-veneers zonke zifakwe kwifenitshala, kulula ukukhulula i-formaldehyde eyingozi kumzimba womntu, ongekho ngokusesikweni ngokwaneleyo ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo.

(2) engeyiyo eyendalo

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ifenitshala yepaneli kunye nempahla yefenitshala yomthi oqinileyo ilele kwindalo yezinto. Ininzi yefenitshala yepaneli yangoku yi-veneer design, enemizekelo ephindaphindiweyo kwaye ayinayo imvakalelo yendalo yezinto zendalo.

3. Ukucoca kunye nokugcinwa kwefenitshala yephaneli

a. Yibeke kakuhle

Umgangatho wefenitshala yephaneli kufuneka ugcinwe usicaba kwaye imilenze emine ilungelelene. Ukuba ifenitshala ibekwe kwimeko yokugungqa rhoqo kwaye ingazinzile emva kokubekwa, i-hoe okanye i-fastener iya kuwa kwaye inxalenye yokudibanisa iya kuchithwa, eya kuchaphazela umphumo wokusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa ubomi befenitshala. Ukongezelela, ukuba umhlaba uthambile kwaye ifenitshala ayilungelelananga, ungasebenzisi iibhodi zokhuni okanye iintsimbi zentsimbi ukuze uthintele imilenze yefenitshala, ukwenzela ukuba nokuba ulungelelaniso, kuya kuba nzima ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo amandla. Umonakalo wexesha elide uya kulimaza isakhiwo sangaphakathi sefenitshala. Ekuphela kwendlela yokuhlawula kukuphungula umhlaba, okanye usebenzise indawana enkulu yephepha lerabha eliqinileyo libekwe kwicala elingasezantsi ukwenza imilenze yefenitshala ime kakuhle.

b. Susa uthuli

Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-cotton knit cloth ukususa uthuli kwifenitshala, kwaye usebenzise ibrashi yoboya obuthambileyo ukususa uthuli kwipatheni edibeneyo okanye eboshiweyo. Ifenitshala epeyintiweyo akufunekanga yosulwe ngepetroli okanye nge-organic solvents. Inokusulwa ngeglazing yefenitshala engenambala ukunyusa iglosi kunye nokunciphisa uthuli.

c. Ukuphepha ilanga

Kungcono ukuba ungabonakali kwilanga elithe ngqo kwindawo yefenitshala. Ukukhanya kwelanga rhoqo kuya kuphelisa ifilimu yepeyinti yefenitshala, iinxalenye zetsimbi ziya kuba lula i-oxidized kwaye ziphazamiseke, kwaye ukhuni luya kuba lukhuni. Ihlobo lilungele ukugubungela ilanga ngamakhethini ukukhusela ifenitshala.

d. Ukufuma kwangaphakathi

Gcina nje ukufuma kwendlu kwaye ungavumeli ifenitshala ibe manzi. Entlakohlaza nasekwindla, i-humidifier kufuneka isetyenziswe ukunciphisa ixesha lokuthintela ifenitshala ukuba ingonakali ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo, njengokubola komthi, ukurusa kwamalungu esinyithi, kunye nokuvuleka lula kwamacandelo okunamathela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, hlamba ifenitshala kancinane kangangoko, kwaye ugweme ukusebenzisa amanzi anealkaline. Kufuneka yosulwe kuphela ngelaphu elimanzi ngamanzi ize yosule ngelaphu elomileyo.