Kutheni uMveliso waseTshayina Longamele kuShishino lweFenitshala yeHlabathi

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, ukwenziwa kwe-China kuye kwaqhuma njengomthombo wefenitshala kwiimarike kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye oku akuncinci e-USA. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kuka-1995 kunye no-2005, ukunikezelwa kweemveliso zefenitshala ukusuka e-China ukuya e-USA kunyuke ngokuphindwe kalishumi elinesithathu. Oku kubangele ukuba iinkampani ezininzi zase-US zikhethe ukuhambisa imveliso yazo kwilizwe laseTshayina. Ke, yintoni kanye kanye ebangela uguquko lwempembelelo yaseTshayina kwishishini lefenitshala yehlabathi?

I-Big Boom

Ngexesha leminyaka yoo-1980 kunye no-1990, ngokwenene yayiyiTaiwan eyayiyeyona ndawo iphambili yefenitshala ethunyelwa e-USA. Ngapha koko, iinkampani zefenitshala zaseTaiwan zafumana ubuchule obuxabisekileyo bokuvelisa ifenitshala ehlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi base-US. Emva kokuba uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luvulile, oosomashishini baseTaiwan badlulela ngaphesheya. Apho, bafunda ngokukhawuleza ukusebenzisa iindleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi apho. Baphinde baxhamla kukuzimela geqe kolawulo lwasekhaya kumaphondo afana neGuangdong, awayezimisele ukutsala utyalo-mali.

Ngenxa yoko, nangona kukho iinkampani eziqikelelwa kwi-50,000 ezenza ifanitshala e-China, uninzi loshishino lugxile kwiphondo lase-Guangdong. IGuangdong isemazantsi kwaye ingqonge idelta yoMlambo iPearl. Iindibano zokwenziwa kwefenitshala enamandla ziye zavela kwizixeko ezitsha zemizi-mveliso njengeShenzhen, Dongguan, kunye neGuangzhou. Kwezi ndawo, kukho ukufikelela kubasebenzi abandayo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngaphaya koko, banokufikelela kuthungelwano lwababoneleli kunye nokufakwa rhoqo kwetekhnoloji kunye nenkunzi. Njengezibuko elikhulu lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, iShenzhen ikwaneeyunivesithi ezimbini ezibonelela ngefanitshala kunye noyilo lwangaphakathi abaphumeleleyo.

Ukwenziwa kweFanitshala yesiNtu kunye neeMveliso zokhuni eTshayina

Konke oku kunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni iChina imveliso ibonelela ngexabiso elinyanzelisayo kwiinkampani zefenitshala zase-US. Iimveliso zibandakanya iimpawu zoyilo ezingenako ukuphinda ziphindwe ngeendleko kwizityalo zase-US, kwaye ezi ziquka ukugqitywa okuntsonkothileyo okufunwa ngabathengi base-US, ehlala ifuna ubuncinci i-8 ecacileyo, ibala kunye ne-glaze. Imveliso yaseTshayina inobonelelo oluninzi lweenkampani zokugquma ezinamava abanzi ase-US, ezibonelela ngamagcisa achwephesha ukuba asebenze nabavelisi befanitshala. Oku kugqitywa kukwavumela ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zemithi engabizi kakhulu.

IiNzuzo zokonga ngokwenene

Kunye nomgangatho woyilo, iindleko zokwenziwa kweTshayina ziphantsi. Iindleko zendawo yokwakha ngonyawo ngalunye lwesikwere zimalunga ne-1/10 yalawo ase-USA, imivuzo yeyure nangaphantsi kunoko, kwaye ezi ndleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi zithethelela oomatshini abalula benjongo enye, abanexabiso eliphantsi. Ukongeza, kukho iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu, njengoko iiplanti zokuvelisa zaseTshayina akufuneki zihlangabezane nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo njengoko zisenza izityalo zase-US.

Olu londolozo lwemveliso lungaphezulu kunokulinganisa iindleko zokuthumela isitya sefenitshala kwiPasifiki. Ngapha koko, iindleko zokuthumela isikhongozeli sefenitshala ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya kunxweme olusentshona lwase-US ziyafikeleleka. Iyafana naleyo yokuthutha inqwelwana yefenitshala ukusuka empuma ukuya kunxweme olusentshona. Eli xabiso liphantsi lezothutho lithetha ukuba kulula ukuthutha amaplanga omthi aqinileyo aseMntla Melika kunye neveneer ukubuyisela eChina ukuze asetyenziswe ekwenzeni ifanitshala, kusetyenziswa izikhongozeli ezingenanto. Ukungalingani kwezorhwebo kuthetha ukuba iindleko zokubuyela e-Shenzhen zisinye kwisithathu seendleko zokuhamba ukusuka e-Shenzhen ukuya e-USA.

Nayiphi na imibuzo nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana namAndrew@sinotxj.com