Imakethe Yefenisha e-China (2022)

Njengoba kunesibalo esikhulu sabantu kanye nesigaba esiphakathi esikhula njalo, ifenisha idingeka kakhulu eShayina okuyenza ibe imakethe enemali enkulu kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwanda kwe-inthanethi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kuye kwathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yefenisha ehlakaniphile. Ngo-2020, usayizi wemakethe womkhakha wefenisha wehla ngenxa yomthelela we-COVID-19. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwemboni yefenisha yaseChina kufinyelele ku-159.8 billion yuan ngo-2020, kwehle ngo-7% unyaka nonyaka.

“Ngokwesilinganiso, i-China ihola phambili ekuthengisweni kwefenisha eku-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele ngokuthengiswa okulinganiselwa ku-USD 68.6 billion ngo-2019. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-e-commerce e-China kwenyuse iziteshi zokuthengisa ifenisha eminyakeni engu-2-3 edlule. Ukuthengiswa kwefenisha okuku-inthanethi ngeziteshi zokusabalalisa ku-inthanethi kukhuphuke kusuka ku-54% ngo-2018 kuya cishe ku-58% ngo-2019 njengoba abathengi bekhombisa ukuthanda okukhulayo kokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yefenisha ku-inthanethi. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-e-commerce kanye nokwenyuka kwabathengisi abasebenzisa iziteshi eziku-inthanethi zokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo yefenisha kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokwandisa isidingo semikhiqizo yefenisha ezweni.”

Inganekwane ethi "Made in China"

Inganekwane ethi "Made in China" idumile emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu bacabanga ukuthi imikhiqizo yaseShayina ifana nekhwalithi ephansi. Lokhu akunjalo neze. Ukube amaShayina abekhiqiza ifenisha ngenkathi ebeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yayo, ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe ngabe akuzange kunyuke kakhulu. Lo mbono ubone ushintsho emazweni aseNtshonalanga kusukela abaklami beqala ukukhiqiza ifenisha yabo eChina.

Unabahlinzeki bekhwalithi abaningi ngokwengeziwe e-China, abakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ngamanani athengekayo, njenge-Nakesi, imboni yase-Guangdong, eyenza kuphela i-OEM yamakhasimende aphezulu Aphesheya kwezilwandle.

I-China Ibe Nini Umthengisi Wefenisha Omkhulu Kunabo Bonke?

Ngaphambi kweChina, i-Italy yayingumthumeli omkhulu wefenisha. Nokho, ngonyaka ka-2004, iChina yaba izwe elinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lefenisha ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Kusukela ngalolo suku kuqhubeke akukaze kubhekwe leli zwe futhi lisahlinzeka umhlaba ngenani elikhulu lefenisha. Abaningi abaklami befenisha abahamba phambili banefenisha yabo ekhiqizwa eChina, nakuba ngokuvamile, bayakugwema ukukhuluma ngakho. Inani labantu baseShayina nalo lidlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni leli zwe libe umthengisi omkhulu wemikhiqizo eminingi kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nefenisha. Ngo-2018, ifenisha ibingenye yezinto ezihamba phambili ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eChina enenani elilinganiselwe lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-53.7.

Ukuhluka Kwemakethe Yefenisha YaseShayina

Ifenisha ekhiqizwa eChina ingaba eyingqayizivele impela. Ungathola ngisho nezinto zefenisha ezingasebenzisi noma yiziphi izinzipho noma iglu. Abenzi befenisha bendabuko baseShayina bakholelwa ukuthi izinzipho neglue kunciphisa ukuphila kwefenisha ngoba ukugqwala kwezinzipho kanye neglu kungaxebuka. Baklama ifenisha ngendlela evumela zonke izingxenye ukuthi zixhumane ukuze kuqedwe ukusetshenziswa kwezikulufo, iglu nezinzipho. Lolu hlobo lwefenisha lungaphila amakhulu eminyaka uma lwenziwe ngokhuni lwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kufanele uzame ukuze uhlole ngempela isimo sengqondo sobunjiniyela esiyingqayizivele sabenzi befenisha baseShayina. Uzomangala ukubona ukuthi zixhuma kanjani izingxenye ezahlukene ngaphandle kokushiya noma yiluphi uphawu lokuxhumana. Kubonakala sengathi kusetshenziswa ukhuni olulodwa kuphela ukwakha lonke ucezu. Lokhu kuhle kuwo wonke amaqembu embonini yefenisha - abakhiqizi, abaklami, nabathengisi.

Izindawo lapho Imboni Yefenisha Yasekhaya igxile khona e-China

I-China yizwe elikhulu futhi inemboni yendawo yefenisha esekelwe ezindaweni ezahlukene. I-Pearl River Delta ikhiqiza ifenisha ephezulu kakhulu. Inemakethe yefenisha echumayo ngoba kukhona ukutholakala okukhulu kwemithombo yemvelo. Ezinye izindawo ezaziwa ngamakhono azo amangalisayo okukhiqiza ifenisha yezinga eliphezulu iShanghai, iShandong, iFujian, iJiangsuperhero kanye neZhejiang. Njengoba iShanghai iyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eChina, inemakethe yefenisha enkulu, cishe enkulu kunazo zonke emfuleni waseYangtze. Izifunda ezimaphakathi nentshonalanga yeChina azinayo ingqalasizinda efanele mayelana nezinsiza kanye nezinsiza zokuba nemboni yefenisha ephumelelayo. Le mboni isesezinsukwini zayo zokuqala futhi izothatha isikhathi ukuyithuthukisa.

Inhloko-dolobha yaseChina, iBeijing, inokugeleza okumangalisayo kwezinsiza ezitholakalayo zokukhiqiza ifenisha. Wonke amathuluzi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhiqizweni kwefenisha zikhona futhi lapho, ngakho-ke bayanda abakhiqizi befenisha abanentshisekelo yokuvulwa kwamahhovisi abo ezinkampani eBeijing.

Kungani i-China Ikhiqiza Ifenisha Esezingeni Elingcono Kakhulu Uma Iqhathaniswa Namanye Amazwe

Nakuba i-China ingase ibe nedumela lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, ikhiqiza ifenisha yekhwalithi enhle kakhulu. Ngokocwaningo, zingaphezu kuka-50 000 izinkampani ezikhiqiza ifenisha eChina. Okumangazayo ukuthi iningi lawo ngamabhizinisi amancane kuya kwamaphakathi angenalo igama lomkhiqizo elinamathiselwe kuwo. Eminyakeni yamuva, ezinye izinkampani ziye zavela emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ifenisha ezinobunikazi bazo bomkhiqizo. Lezi zinkampani zikhuphule izinga lokuncintisana embonini.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiHong Kong Trade Developmental Council (HKTDC) luveze ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane kuya kwephakathi kwefenisha eShayina angenza imali eningi uma ngisho nephesenti elincane labantu baseShayina bebonke benquma ukulahla ifenisha yakudala futhi thenga ebuhleni besimanje. Leli khono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi likhule ngaphakathi kwemboni yingakho ukukhiqiza ifenisha e-China kuyisinqumo esifanele ukugcina nezidingo zabathengi kanye nesidingo.

Imali engenayo eChina iyanda

Ukwenyuka kwemali engenayo kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthi i-China ikhiqiza ifenisha yekhwalithi engcono uma iqhathaniswa nezimbangi zayo. Ngokocwaningo, ngonyaka ka-2010 kuphela, u-60% wesamba semali engenayo yaseShayina yavela embonini yayo yefenisha ngokudayisa kuleli kanye nasezimakethe zomhlaba. Imakethe yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2020 ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kodwa ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kulindeleke ukuthi kubuyele emuva. Imali engenayo yemboni kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo-3.3% ngonyaka eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, ifinyelele ku-$107.1 billion.

Nakuba ifenisha yensimbi manje isithandwa kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga uma iqhathaniswa nefenisha yokhuni, iChina kulindeleke ukuba idlule entshonalanga kulo mkhakha ngenxa yamakhono ayo amangalisayo okukhiqiza ifenisha futhi akukho ukuyekethisa ngekhwalithi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu kuwuphawu oluhle kubo bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengisi njengoba kuphakamisa umbono kanye nenani lemakethe iyonke.

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