Okokuqala, ulwazi oluyisisekelo ifenisha

1. Ifenisha yakhiwe ngezinto ezine: impahla, isakhiwo, ukubukeka kanye nomsebenzi. Umsebenzi ungumhlahlandlela, okungamandla aqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwefenisha; isakhiwo siwumgogodla kanye nesisekelo sokuqaphela umsebenzi.

2, kusukela ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ifenisha zingabonisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle kwezinkuni ezivame ukusetshenziswa, insimbi, ipulasitiki, kukhona nomvini, u-bamboo, ingilazi, irabha, indwangu, ibhodi lokuhlobisa, isikhumba, isipontshi nokunye.

I-3, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zefenisha nakho kunokukhetha okuthile, okufanele kucatshangelwe izici ezilandelayo: ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, ukuthungwa kanye nekhwalithi yokubukeka, umnotho, amandla kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlobisa indawo.

I-4, ngokusho kobuzwe besifunda ingahlukaniswa: Isitayela saseMedithera, isitayela saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, isitayela saseYurophu, isitayela sase-Afrika, isitayela saseMelika, isitayela saseJapane, isitayela saseShayina, njll;

5, ngokusho kohlobo zingahlukaniswa zibe: isitayela sakudala, isitayela esilula, isitayela esithandwayo, isitayela sasemaphandleni nokunye.

Okwesibili, umklamo wesitayela seNordic

Ifenisha yesitayela saseScandinavia idweba ekwakhiweni kwe-Bauhaus futhi ihlanganisa izici zaseScandinavia ukuze kwakhe isitayela esiyingqayizivele esisekelwe ekubeni lula kwemvelo.

1. Idizayini yesiDanishi

Idizayini yefenisha yaseDanish idizayini yakudala yomhlaba wonke, egqamisa ubuntu. Idizayini yefenisha elula, ngaphezu kokubumba ukubonakala kwayo, kufanele futhi inake ukusebenza kwesakhiwo sayo, icubungule ngokugcwele ukuxhumana phakathi kwesakhiwo somzimba womuntu kanye nesakhiwo sefenisha. Kusukela ekuklanyeni, umuzwa wefenisha eqinile esikhathini esidlule ushintshiwe, futhi ukucabangela kwabantu kuye kwanezelwa ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kwefenisha.

2, idizayini yesiFinnish

Abaklami befenisha baseFinland babambe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zemvelo kusukela ekuqaleni, behlanganisa amandla abo nefenisha, beveza isimo sengqondo sobuciko bemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo wesimanje waseFinland uhlobene eduze nokuphila kwangempela. Ngokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezivelayo, ifenisha inhle futhi isemfashinini, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu imindeni yesimanje.

3, design Norwegian

Umklami wefenisha waseNorway uthola ifa lomqondo wokuqala we-Nordic design, ogcizelela ukuvuthwa nobulula befenisha, kanye nobuchule. Ngokusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kanye nenhlanganisela yamapuleti ekhabhinethi nensimbi, iveza omunye umphumela futhi iqinisa ngokwengeziwe umklamo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyidizayini yefenisha yokuthekelisa enhle futhi ecophelelayo noma idizayini yezwe yemvelo nelula, ibonisa ukuhlakanipha kwabantu baseNorwegian.

4, idizayini yesiSwidi

AbaseSweden bathonywa izitayela zesimanje, ezigxile emakethe ekwakhiweni kwefenisha, futhi basebenza kanzima enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Bathemba ukuthi ifenisha izongena emkhayeni ovamile, kugcizelelwe ezomnotho, kusetshenziswa izinto zikaphayini ne-birch, nemigqa ehlanzekile ukuze iveze ukwakheka kwe-cascading. , egqamisa i-avant-garde yesimanje.

Okwesithathu, ifenisha yezingane

Ngokuthuthuka kwezimo zokuphila zabantu, ziyanda izingane ezinamakamelo azo azimele. Abazali abaningi batshale umdlandla omkhulu kanye nezinsiza zezezimali ekuhlelweni kwamakamelo ezingane, futhi bahlomise izingane ngefenisha egcwele ukukhula okufana nengane noma okuvamile. Kwakha indawo enhle yokukhula, ngaleyo ndlela yenza ifenisha yezingane isheshe ishabalale. Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yefenisha eminyakeni yamuva, ifenisha yezingane ingenye yezigaba ezikhula ngokushesha embonini yefenisha.

Ifenisha yesitayela sezingane ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezintathu:

I-1) Ifenisha yezingane ezikhuni eziqinile, enezitayela ezikhethekile zezingane zasemakhaya kanye nezitayela ze-rustic.

2) Ifenisha yezingane zephaneli, i-MDF ehlanzekile inombala ocebile.

3) Ifenisha yezingane zikaphayini: eyenziwe ngokhuni lukaphayini.

Okwesine, ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile

Ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile yiyona nto eyinhloko yefenisha yokhuni oluqinile. Imboni yefenisha yokhuni eqinile yaseChina okwamanje isathuthuka kahle. I-Zhiyan Data Research Centre ikhombisa ukuthi ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemboni yefenisha yokhuni oluqinile yaseChina, imboni yefenisha yokhuni oluqinile yaseChina izovula ithuba elisha lokuthuthuka.

I-1, izinzuzo zefenisha yokhuni oluqinile

Okuhlala isikhathi eside, okunobungani kwemvelo, ubuciko obuhle, ntofontofo futhi efudumele;

2, ukungalungi kwefenisha yokhuni oluqinile

Inkinga enkulu yefenisha yokhuni oluqinile ukuthi ukuguqulwa kokuqukethwe kwamanzi kwenza kube lula ukuguqula. Ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile izothinteka endaweni ezungezile futhi iguqule okuqukethwe kwamanzi embonini. Ukushintsha kokuqukethwe kwamanzi kuzoholela ekuguqukeni nasekuqhekekeni.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akukwazi ukuvunyelwa, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, futhi indawo eyomile kakhulu futhi enomswakama ayifanele ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanganisela yezingxenye zefenisha yokhuni oluqinile ngokuvamile yenziwe ngesakhiwo se-koqweqwe lwawo kanye ne-adhesive, futhi umkhiqizo ophelile ngokuvamile awukhipheki, futhi ukuphatha akulungile.

3, ukuhlanza kanye nokugcinwa kwefenisha yokhuni oluqinile

a. Ukusetshenziswa kwefenisha yokhuni oluqinile kufanele kugweme ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile

Ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile kufanele igweme ukukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Imisebe ye-ultraviolet enamandla ingafiphala indawo kapende futhi ithinte ukubukeka nokuzwakala kwefenisha yokhuni oluqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithombo yokushisa, ukushisa, izibani nezinye izinto zokusebenza zizokwenza ifenisha yokhuni eqinile ikhubazekile, kufanele ibe kude ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ubeka izitofu zetiye ezishiswe ngokweqile, amaketela nezinye izinto efenisha yokhuni oluqinile, engeza ama-insulation pads ukugwema ukushisa ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile.

b. Indlela yokusula ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile ikhethekile

Ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile kufanele isulwe ngendwangu kakotini ethambile, futhi indwangu kakotini kufanele ibe manzi kancane. Lapho usula ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile, landela isiqondiso sokuthungwa kwezinkuni. Ungasebenzisi utshwala noma ezinye izincibilikisi zamakhemikhali noma okokuhlanza ukuze ugweme ukugqwala kwengaphezulu lefenisha.

c. Ukuphatha ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile kufanele kube "lula futhi kuzinzile"

Ukuphathwa kwefenisha yokhuni oluqinile kufanele kuqaphele kakhulu, futhi kufanele kube "lula", "zinzile" futhi "flat". Zama ukugwema ukulimala kweqhubu. Iphansi lapho ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile ibekwe khona kufanele ibe isicaba, ngaphandle kwalokho izodala ukuguqulwa kancane.

d. Ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile kufanele ifakwe wax ngesikhathi

Ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile izoba nezinga elithile lokufiphala ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukuze ulondoloze ubuhle befenisha, kuyadingeka ukugcoba ifenisha yokhuni eqinile ngesikhathi, futhi ungayenza ngokwakho noma ngochwepheshe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani le-glazing kanye ne-waxing akufanele livame kakhulu, okungcono izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngonyaka.

e. Gwema ukusebenzisa utshwala, uphethiloli noma ezinye izincibilikisi zamakhemikhali ukuze ususe amabala

Uma kukhona ibala ebusweni befenisha, ungayihlikihli kanzima. Sebenzisa itiye elifudumele ukuze ususe ibala ngobumnene. Ngemva kokuba amanzi ehwamuka, sebenzisa i-wax encane ekhanyayo engxenyeni yokuqala, bese uyigaya ngobumnene izikhathi eziningana ukuze wenze ifilimu yokuzivikela.

Ukuqalisa ngefenisha kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ngokushesha imboni

f. Gwema ukuklwebheka kanzima

Lapho uhlanza, ungavumeli amathuluzi okuhlanza athinte ifenisha. Ngokuvamile, qaphela ukuthi ungavumeli imikhiqizo yensimbi eqinile noma ezinye izinto ezicijile zishayisane nefenisha ukuvikela indawo engaphezulu ekuklwebheni.

g. Gwema indawo emanzi

Ehlobo, uma igumbi ligcwele amagagasi, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-rubber pad encane ukuze uhlukanise izingxenye zefenisha ezithintana nomhlabathi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ugcine igebe phakathi kodonga lwefenisha. kanye nodonga ebangeni elingu-0.5-1 km.

h. Gcina kude nokushisa

Ebusika, kungcono ukubeka ifenisha ebangeni elingaba ngu-1M ukusuka ekugelezeni kokushisa ukuze ugweme ukushisa okuphezulu okushisa isikhathi eside, okubangela ukuqhekeka kwendawo yokhuni, ukuguqulwa nokuguqulwa, kanye nokuwohloka kwendawo yefilimu kapende. .

4, okuqinile ngokhuni ifenisha uhlobo izinkuni uhlobo

Fraxinus mandshurica/Liu Wei/Poplar wood/Walnut koqweqwe lwawo/Uphayinaphu ophuzi/Ukhuni olumhlophe lwe-bircWalnut njll.

Ezinhlanu, ifenisha yephaneli

Ifenisha yephaneli isho ifenisha yemodular ehlakaziwe enamaphaneli asekelwe ngokhuni njenge-substrate eyinhloko kanye nephaneli njengesakhiwo esiyisisekelo. Amabhodi okwenziwa avamile ahlanganisa i-plywood, i-blockboard, i-particle board, ne-MDF. I-plywood (i-plywood) ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha edinga ukugoba nokuguqulwa; ukusebenza kwe-blockboard ngezinye izikhathi kuthinteka yizinto eziyinhloko; i-particleboard (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-particle board, i-bagasse) ikhululekile futhi isetshenziselwa ifenisha yezinga eliphansi kuphela. Okungabizi kakhulu, okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-medium density fiberboard (MDF). Izinto ezijwayelekile zokuqedela ifenisha yephaneli ukhuni oluncane (oluvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-veneer), iphepha lokusanhlamvu ngokhuni (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isitikha), ishidi lerabha le-PVC, indawo yopende ye-polyester (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi upende wokubhaka). Amabhodi okwenziwa avamile ahlanganisa amabhodi anephunga elimnandi, i-plywood, i-blockboard, i-particle board, ne-MDF.

1. Izinzuzo zefenisha yephaneli

Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kokhuni, ukuhlakazeka nokuhlanganisa kalula, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza osheshayo, ubujamo obuhlukahlukene, ukwakheka okuzinzile, futhi akulula ukukonakalisa.

2, ukungalungi kwefenisha yephaneli

(1) Ayinandaba nemvelo

Ukuze bathole izinzuzo ezengeziwe, abanye abathengisi bakhiqiza izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi njenge-particleboard, futhi noma ngabe ama-veneers asongwe ngefenisha, kulula ukukhulula i-formaldehyde eyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, engahlelekile ngokwanele ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.

(2) okungezona ezemvelo

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ifenisha yephaneli kanye nempahla yefenisha yokhuni oluqinile ilele kumvelo yento. Iningi lefenisha yephaneli yamanje i-veneer design, enamaphethini aphindaphindiwe futhi engenawo umuzwa wemvelo wezinto zemvelo.

3. Ukuhlanza nokugcinwa kwefenisha yamaphaneli

a. Ibeke kahle

Iphansi lefenisha yephaneli kufanele igcinwe iphansi futhi imilenze emine ilinganiswe. Uma ifenisha ibekwe esimweni sokunyakaziswa njalo futhi engazinzile ngemva kokubekwa, igeja noma isibambiso sizowa futhi ingxenye yokubopha izoqhekeka, okuzothinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa futhi kunciphise ukuphila kwefenisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umhlabathi uthambile futhi ifenisha ingalingani, ungasebenzisi amabhodi ezinkuni noma amashidi ensimbi ukuze ugobe imilenze yefenisha, ukuze ngisho noma ilinganisela, kuyoba nzima ukusabalalisa amandla ngokulinganayo. Umonakalo wesikhathi eside uzolimaza isakhiwo sangaphakathi sefenisha. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokunxephezela ukusika inhlabathi, noma ukusebenzisa indawo encane Indawo enkulu yeshidi lerabha eliqinile libekwe ohlangothini oluseningizimu ukuze imilenze yefenisha ime kahle.

b. Susa uthuli

Kungcono ukusebenzisa indwangu ehlanganisiwe kakotini ukuze ususe uthuli lwefenisha, bese usebenzisa ibhulashi leboya elithambile ukuze ususe uthuli kuphethini eqoshiwe noma eqoshiwe. Ifenisha ependiwe akufanele isulwe ngophethiloli noma izincibilikisi eziphilayo. Ingasulwa nge-glazing yefenisha engenambala ukuze kuthuthukiswe isicwebezelisi nokunciphisa uthuli.

c. Ukugwema ilanga

Kungcono ukuthi ungavezwa elangeni eliqondile endaweni yefenisha. Ukuchayeka elangeni njalo kuzofiphaza ifilimu yepende yefenisha, izingxenye zensimbi zizofakwa i-oxidized kalula futhi ziwohloke, futhi izinkuni zizoba brittle. Ihlobo lingcono kakhulu ukumboza ilanga ngamakhethini ukuvikela ifenisha.

d. Umswakama wasendlini

Gcina nje umswakama wangaphakathi futhi ungavumeli ifenisha ibe manzi. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, umswakamisi kufanele usetshenziselwe ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvimbela ifenisha ukuba ingalimali ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele, njengokubola kwezinkuni, ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi, nokuvuleka kalula kwezingxenye zokunamathisela. Ngokuvamile, geza ifenisha kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa amanzi ane-alkaline. Kufanele isulwe kuphela ngendwangu emanzi ngamanzi bese isula ngendwangu eyomile.